The English sociologist and individualist political philosopher Herbert Spencer
has been either completely neglected or badly misinterpreted by scholars for
over one hundred years. In this discussion George Smith explores an important
aspect of Spencer's thinking, namely his "sociology of the state".
Although Smith considers Spencer to be "one of the most fascinating and
complex figures in the history of classical liberalism" he is concerned
that there is a tension in his thought between Spencer the radical individualist
moral and political philosopher and Spencer "the sociologist." In
other words, perhaps we have "Das Herbert Spencer Problem" which
needs to be resolved. On the one hand, Spencer believes in "absolute ethics" in
his political and moral theory (that violence and coercion is morally wrong),
and yet on the other hand seems to give the state a free pass ("relative
ethics") when it comes to the emergence of the state and the role war
and violence played in this process. He is joined in this discussion by David
M. Levy, Professor of Economics at George Mason University; Roderick T. Long,
Professor of Philosophy at Auburn University; and Alberto Mingardi, the founder
and General Director of the Istituto Bruno Leoni.
See the Archive of "Liberty Matters".