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The Pacificus-Helvidius Debates of 1793-1794

The Pacificus–Helvidius Debates of 1793–1794 matched Hamilton and Madison in the first chapter of an enduring discussion about the proper roles of the executive and legislative branches in the conduct of American foreign policy. Ignited by President Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation of 1793, the debate addressed whether Washington had the authority to declare America neutral, despite an early alliance treaty with France. Hamilton argued that Washington’s actions were constitutional and that friction between the two branches was an unavoidable, but not harmful, consequence of the separation of powers. Madison countered that Washington’s proclamation would introduce “new principles and new constructions” into the Constitution. While the Pacificus-Helvidius debates did not resolve this ongoing constitutional controversy, they did define the grounds upon which this question was to be examined, to this very day.

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New Directions in Austrian Economics

A collection of papers which explores methodoogy, econometrics, social cost, monopoly theory, the supply of money, interest theory, and macroeconomics. It contains papers by: Ludwig M. Lachmann, “An Austrian Stocktaking: Unsettled Questions and Tentative Answers” John B. Egger, “The Austrian Method” Mario J. Rizzo, “Praxeology and Econometrics: A Critique of Positivist Economics” Israel M. Kirzner, “Economics and Error” S.C. Littlechild, “The Problem of Social Cost” D.T. Armentano, “A Critique of Neoclassical and Austrian Monopoly Theory” Gerald P. O'Driscoll, Jr., “Spontaneous Order and the Coordination of Economic Activities” Murray N. Rothbard, “Austrian Definitions of the Supply of Money” Lawrence S. Moss, “The Emergence of Interest in a Pure Exchange Economy: Notes on a Theorem Attributed to Ludwig von Mises” Roger W. Garrison, “Austrian Macroeconomics: A Diagrammatical Exposition” Louis M. Spadaro, “Toward a Program of Research and Development for Austrian Economics”

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