With an eye to investigating questions of liberty and responsibility as they arise within the context of natural rights and the moral sense, this conference focused upon Lord Kames’s Essays on the Principles of Morality and Natural Religion and upon writings by Thomas Jefferson, for whom Kames’s writings on moral sense was very influential. We inquired particularly into the nature of the moral sense, its plausibility, the sources of natural rights, and whether natural rights and moral sense theories are compatible with each other.